The
power of philosophy is effectively infinite. It can make people
believe anything – no matter how false. It can make people do
anything – no matter how evil. Philosophy is an exceptionally
strong and dangerous weapon to possess.
At
times, however, philosophy can be a beneficial tool. It can be a useful, helpful guide to life – even to a
noble and magnificent life. But at other times a rotten and misguided
philosophy can drive people to the very limits of absurdity and
destruction. It can force people to think truly crazy things about themselves and others, and to perpetrate truly horrific acts against themselves and others. As Cicero noted: “There is nothing so
ridiculous but some philosopher has said it.” When it comes to
stupidity and depravity, philosophy has essentially no limits.
No
wonder Cato the Elder and the Romans sent away the famous, visiting, Greek philosophers
(Critolaus, Carneades, Diogenes of Babylon) of 155 BC! Considering
all the unfamiliar and menacing nonsense they were spouting,
the Romans might well have put them to death.
If you
understand the intellectual, moral, and spiritual authority of
philosophy, it isn’t surprising to see all the atrocities committed
by the Russian Bolsheviks and German Nazis. And by the Cambodian
Kymer Rouge. And by the Moslems of Saudi Arabia and Iran. And
by the fascists under Mussolini, Franco, and Tojo. And by the
communists of China, Vietnam, North Korea, Venezuela, and Cuba. And
by the 1940s medical experimenters of Germany and Japan.
Under
philosophy, massive slavery, torture, and murder is common.
Especially this past century.
Of
course, the major purpose of philosophy is personal happiness – not
social utopia. The moment personal philosophers convert and pervert
themselves into collectivist ideologues is the moment they should
pretty much all be lined up against a wall. The history of social
utopian philosophers is about 99% the history of coercion, force,
attack, assault, totalitarianism, tyranny, and enslavement.
Collectivist
ideologues – with their supposedly brilliant, ingenious, marvelous,
and magnificent ideas and ideals – almost always reject persuasion
in favor of coercion. Funny how that works out, isn't it? The lofty ideological
idealists never convince by being convincing or persuade by being
persuasive. Their philosophical understanding and insights are allegedly too
good, great, fine, strong, beautiful, and wonderful to bother with
that. So their technique is always that of Pol Pot. So too their
goals and results.
The
simple truth is people need meaning and purpose in their
lives. They need goals and ideals. These are non-negotiable
imperatives for human existence.
So
they turn to philosophy. And, historically, philosophy usually turns
on them.
Even
Ayn Rand’s wretched, shocking, late-1900s cult was something to be expected. Why shouldn’t she and all her top lieutenants abuse, censor, and excommunicate all of their virtuous, loyal
dissidents? Everyone who thinks too freely and asks too many
questions? Abuse, censorship, and excommunication of dissidents are
what philosophy is all about!
The
leading Randroid cultists of the late 1900s and early 2000s had no
problem taking a philosophy of reason and individualism, and then
turning these ideas upside-down and inside-out. Noble philosophy
transforms into lowly religion with ease.
So
what can we do to keep it on track? How can we avoid the continuous, historical disasters? One simple idea may be the most
important and best.
Freedom
of speech is a powerful shield and weapon against bad philosophy. Open
discussion and debate radically cleanses, improves, and uplifts it. So long as
people are allowed, encouraged, and required to freely and openly
doubt, question, criticize, and condemn the dominant ideas and
people, philosophy tends to fare far better.